Sprint 2: Sections, Symbols, String Tables

Prerequisites

Sprint 1 — header + load commands parsed.

Goals

Decode section payloads, the symbol table (nlist_64), and the string table. Expose the full section/symbol/string model that later sprints build on.

Closeout note: tests/reader_malformed_stress.rs now also covers malformed symbol/string-table variants derived from real corpus objects so the reader's symbol and string surfaces are exercised under targeted bad-input cases, not just hand-written unit fixtures. tests/reader_tool_parity.rs now also checks symbol classification against nm -a and raw relocation tables against otool -r across the afs-as corpus.

Deliverables

1. Section attributes and kinds

afs-ld/src/section.rs — SectionKind mirrors afs-as's but richer on the reader side (we receive inputs with flags already set):

pub enum SectionKind {
    Text, CStringLiterals, Literal4, Literal8, Literal16,
    ConstData, Data, ZeroFill, GbZeroFill,
    ThreadLocalRegular, ThreadLocalZerofill,
    ThreadLocalVariables, ThreadLocalInitPointers,
    CompactUnwind, EhFrame, Coalesced,
    Regular, Unknown,
}

pub fn kind_from_flags(flags: u32) -> SectionKind; // S_* attribute bits

Respect all S_ATTR_* flags and section-type nibble (flags & 0xff).

2. Section content slicing

InputSection struct: segment, name, kind, addr, size, align (log2), flags, raw data: &[u8] borrowed from the mmap'd input, plus the raw relocation entries as &[u8] (decoded in Sprint 3). For S_ZEROFILL / S_THREAD_LOCAL_ZEROFILL, data is empty; size is virtual.

3. nlist_64 and symbol flags

afs-ld/src/symbol.rs:

pub const N_STAB: u8 = 0xe0;
pub const N_PEXT: u8 = 0x10;
pub const N_TYPE: u8 = 0x0e; // mask
pub const N_EXT:  u8 = 0x01;

pub const N_UNDF: u8 = 0x0;
pub const N_ABS:  u8 = 0x2;
pub const N_SECT: u8 = 0xe;
pub const N_INDR: u8 = 0xa;

pub const N_NO_DEAD_STRIP: u16 = 0x0020;
pub const N_WEAK_REF:      u16 = 0x0040;
pub const N_WEAK_DEF:      u16 = 0x0080;
pub const N_ARM_THUMB_DEF: u16 = 0x0008;
pub const N_SYMBOL_RESOLVER: u16 = 0x0100;

pub struct RawNlist {
    pub strx: u32,
    pub n_type: u8, pub n_sect: u8, pub n_desc: u16,
    pub n_value: u64,
}

pub struct InputSymbol<'a> {
    pub name: &'a str,
    pub kind: SymKind,                // Undef, Abs, SectLocal, SectExt, PExt, Indirect
    pub weak_ref: bool, pub weak_def: bool,
    pub no_dead_strip: bool, pub private_extern: bool,
    pub sect_idx: u8, pub value: u64,
    pub common_align_pow2: Option<u8>, // from n_desc bits 8..15 when UNDF + value != 0
}

Common symbols detected the way afs-as emits them: N_UNDF | N_EXT with nonzero n_value encoding the size and n_desc >> 8 encoding alignment.

4. Indirect (N_INDR) pass-through

Alias symbols: record the aliased name from the string table via n_value used as a strx into the string table. Resolution lives in Sprint 7; this sprint just surfaces the data.

5. String table reader

StringTable wraps the raw bytes of __LINKEDIT string table, exposes name_at(strx: u32) -> &str, validates null termination, gracefully handles the suffix-dedup trick afs-as uses ("_foo\0" can overlap with a later "_bar_foo\0" by pointing mid-string).

6. DYSYMTAB partitioning

Decode the partition (ilocalsym, nlocalsym), (iextdefsym, nextdefsym), (iundefsym, nundefsym). Record toc, modtab, extrefsym, indirectsymoff/nindirectsyms, extreloff, locreloff offsets for later phases (most are for dylibs).

7. Input file model

afs-ld/src/input.rs:

pub struct ObjectFile {
    pub path: PathBuf,
    pub header: MachHeader64,
    pub commands: Vec<LoadCommand>,
    pub sections: Vec<InputSection>,
    pub symbols: Vec<InputSymbol>,
    pub strings: StringTable,
    pub dysymtab: DysymtabView,
}

Testing Strategy

• Round-trip: parse every section/symbol/string from the afs-as corpus; re-emit; match bytes.
• Diffing against nm -a and otool -r for symbols and relocation offsets (relocation bodies come in Sprint 3).
• Edge cases: empty __bss, tentative common with 16-byte alignment, weak-def with N_NO_DEAD_STRIP, indirect symbol chains.
• Fuzz: malformed nlist entries (strx out of bounds, n_sect out of range, invalid n_type bits) produce sourced diagnostics, never panics.

Definition of Done

• Every symbol attribute afs-as can emit is recognized and round-trips.
• Common symbols surface with correct size and alignment.
• String table reader handles suffix-dedup overlaps correctly.
• Corpus-wide symbol and section parity against nm -a / otool -v.